Development of Virtual Reality Surgical Simulator with Online Database
Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), Objective Assessment Surgical Skill, Virtual Reality,Abstract
Conventionally, assessment of surgical skill in medical trainees is based on direct observation of outcomes by expert surgeons. This method is too subjective and is prone to inter and intra-rater’s variability. Therefore, a computer and sensor-based assessment is proposed to standardize the evaluation. Using appropriate sensors can measure and record some hand motion parameters that cannot be detected by the human eyes, yet are essential for skill evaluation. Hence, a virtual reality surgical skill assessment system was developed to complement the conventional assessment method. The software assessment modules were developed on Visual Studio C++ and integrated with a Phantom Omni haptic device with an encoder resolution of 0.055mm for recording hand movements. The subject will perform simple virtual reality tasks that examine their basic psychomotor movements. The sensor recordings of their hand movements will be saved onto the Microsoft Azure Structural Query Language (SQL) database. A website was created to display the data of each individual trainee and this data can be accessed by an expert surgeon for review.References
S. N. Z. Ahmmad, E. L. M. Su, C. F. Yeong, and F. K. C. Harun, “Assessment methods for surgical skills, world academy of science,” Engineering and Technology conference, vol. 74, pp 752-758, 2011, Bali, Indonesia.
E. L. M. Su, T. L. Win, W. T. Ang, T. C. Lim, C. L. Teo, and E. Burdet, “Micromanipulation accuracy in pointing and tracing investigated with a contact-free measurement system,” in Conf Proc 31st IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2009, Minneapolis, USA, pp 3960-3963.
S. N. Z. Ahmmad, E. L. M. Su, C. F. Yeong, S. Sood, and A. Gandhi, “Objective measurement for surgical skill evaluation,” Jurnal Teknologi, vol 78, pp145-152, 2016.
R. K. Reznick, “Teaching and testing technical skills,” Am J Surg, pp. 358-361, March 1993.
W.S. Halsted, “The training of the surgeon,” Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, pp. 267-275, 1904.
A. Darzi, S. Smith, and N. Taffinder, “Assessing operative skill. Needs to become more objective.” BMJ, pp.887-888, 1999.
S. Sekhri1, J. Mossner, R. Iyengar, A. Mullard, M. J. Englesbe, J. Papin IV, “Evaluating surgeon scorecards,” Michigan Journal of Medicine, vol 1, pp 74-76, 2016.
A. Darzi, V. Datta, and S. Mackay, “The challenge of objective assessment of surgical skill,” Am J Surg, pp.484-486, 2001.
L. T. Kohn, J. M. Coorigan, and M. S. Donaldson, “To err is human : building a safer health system,” National Academy Press : Washington, DC, 1999.
A. R. David , G. Regehr, K. A. Yeh , and T. R. Howdieshell, “Computer-assisted learning versus a lecture and feedback seminar for teaching a basic surgical skill,” Association of Surgical Education, August 1997.
S. N. Z. Ahmmad, Z. S. Chew, E. L. M. Su, and C. F. Yeong, “Force variability as an objective measure of surgical skill,” Jurnal Teknologi., vol 74, pp. 125-128, 2015.
S. N. Z. Ahmmad, E. L. M. Su, C. F. Yeong, and A. L. T. Narayanan, “Experimental study of surgeon’s psychomotor skill using sensorbased measurement,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 42, pp. 130- 137, 2014.
T. F. Then, E. L. M. Su, S. N. Z. Ahmmad, and C. F. Yeong, “Massed training versus interval training for computer-based suturing skill acquisition,” Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, vol. 3, pp. 503-508, 2013.
S. Yule, R. Flin, S. Paterson-Brown, and N.Maran, “Non-technical skills for surgeons in the operating room : A review of the literature,” School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, June 2005.
H. Yue, L. Guo, R. Li, H. Asaeda, and Y. Fang, “DataClouds : enabling community-based data centric services over the internet of things”, Internet of Things Journal IEEE, vol. 1, pp.472-482, 2014.
J. S. Veen, B. Waaij, and R. J. Meijer, “Sensor data storage performance : SQL or NoSQL, Physical or Virtual”, in 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, USA, 2012, pp.431-438.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT
The manuscript is herewith submitted for publication in the Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC). It has not been published before, and it is not under consideration for publication in any other journals. It contains no material that is scandalous, obscene, libelous or otherwise contrary to law. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, I, as the author, hereby agree to transfer to JTEC, all rights including those pertaining to electronic forms and transmissions, under existing copyright laws, except for the following, which the author(s) specifically retain(s):
- All proprietary right other than copyright, such as patent rights
- The right to make further copies of all or part of the published article for my use in classroom teaching
- The right to reuse all or part of this manuscript in a compilation of my own works or in a textbook of which I am the author; and
- The right to make copies of the published work for internal distribution within the institution that employs me
I agree that copies made under these circumstances will continue to carry the copyright notice that appears in the original published work. I agree to inform my co-authors, if any, of the above terms. I certify that I have obtained written permission for the use of text, tables, and/or illustrations from any copyrighted source(s), and I agree to supply such written permission(s) to JTEC upon request.