Development of Microcontroller-Based Solar Tracking System Using LDR Sensor

Abstract

This paper presents the design of solar tracking controller used in the photovoltaic (PV) generation system. A low cost and simple single axis tracker is constructed using the Programmable Interface Controller (PIC). The control goal for the controller is to ensure the position of the solar PV cell is continuously adjusted according to the sun’s position. In this regard, tracking mechanism ensures that the surface of the PV cell is always perpendicular to the solar radiation allowing an optimum power extraction from the sun. The controller utilizes two Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors as the input sensor that sense the light intensity. The difference in resistance data of LDRs is used by the stepper motor to rotate clockwise or counter clockwise to move the solar PV cell toward the side of higher intensity. From the experimental test results, the developed prototype system is able to function properly, in which the motor is able to rotate according to the input light source.