Implementation of SOI-Based Rib Waveguide for High-Speed Optical Interconnect
Keywords:
Effective Index (neff), Etch Depth (d), Optical Interconnect (OI), Rib Waveguide, Slab Height (h), Width (W)Abstract
Silicon based photonics have generated strong interest in recent years, mainly in optical waveguide interconnects for microelectronic circuits. This paper presents a single mode condition (SMC) of SOI-based rib waveguide for high-speed Optical Interconnect (OI) implementation at a circuit level. In OptiBPM, a correlation analysis between two parameters, etched rib thickness (r) and effective index (neff) was investigated to identify the effects of width (W) on the rib waveguide. The waveguide performance of the OI links such as output power, propagation loss and propagation delay was recorded based on OptiSPICE simulation. A wavelength (λ) of 1550 nm has the advantages of low power loss and delay which makes it reliable for high-speed OI applications.References
M. Haurylau, N. Nelson, D. Albonesi, P. M. Fauchet, and E. G. Friedman, “Electrical and Optical On-Chip Interconnects in Scaled Microprocessors,” in 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 2514–2517, 2005.
P. Dong, W. Qian, S. Liao, H. Liang, C. C. Kung, N. N. Feng, R. Shafiiha, J. Fong, D. Feng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy and M. Asghari, “Low loss silicon waveguides for application of optical interconnects,” IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topicals, vol. 1, no. c, pp. 191–192, 2010.
S. S. Md Sallah, S. H. Md Ali, P. S. Menon, N. Juhari, and M. S. Islam, “Implementation of On-chip Optical Interconnect in High Speed Digital Circuit : Two-stage CMOS Buffer,” Asian Journal of Scientific Research, pp. 1–10, 2017.
P. Shen, A. Hosseini, X. Xu, Y. Hei, Z. Pan and R. T. Chen, “Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Enabled Large Bandwidth Density On-Chip Optical Interconnect,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2969–2974, 2016.
G. Chen, H. Chen, M. Haurylau, N. Nelson, and P. M. Fauchet, “Predictions of CMOS Compatible On – Chip Optical Interconnect,” International Workshop on System Level Interconnect, pp. 13-20, 2005.
T. Spuesens, F. Mandorlo, P. Rojo-romeo, P. Régreny, N. Olivier, and J. Fédeli, “Compact Integration of Optical Sources and Detectors on SOI for Optical Interconnects Fabricated in a 200 mm CMOS Pilot Line,” Journal of Lightwave Technog., vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1764–1770, 2012.
E. Yablonovitch, “Can nano-photonic silicon circuits become an INTRA-chip interconnect technology?,” International Conference on Computer Aided Design, pp. 309, 2007.
W. Bae, G. S. Jeong, Y. Kim, H. K. Chi, and D. K. Jeong, “Design of silicon photonic interconnect ICs in 65-nm CMOS technology,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Sysems., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2234–2243, 2015.
J. W. Shi, Y. H. Cheng, J. M. Wun, K. L. Chi, Y. M. Hsin, and S. D. Benjamin, “High-Speed, high-efficiency, large-area p-i-n photodiode for application to optical interconnects from 0.85 to 1.55 μm Wavelengths,”Journal of Lightwave Technology., vol. 31, no. 24, pp. 3956–3961, 2013.
O. I. Dosunmu, D. D. Cannon, M. K. Emsley, L. C. Kimerling, and M. S. Unlu, “High speed resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors on reflecting Si substrates for 1550 nm operation,” IEEE Photonics Technologu Letters, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 148–149, 2004.
S. P. Chan, C. E. Png, S. T. Lim, G. T. Reed, and V. M. N. Passaro, “Single-Mode and Polarization-Independent,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2103–2111, 2005.
S. P. Pogossian, L. Vescan, and A. Vonsovici, “The Single-Mode Condition for Semiconductor Rib Waveguides with Large Cross Section,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1851–1853, 1998.
O. Powell, “Single-mode condition for silicon rib waveguides,” Journa of Lightwave Technology, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1851–1855, 2002.
L. Wosinski, “Silica-on-silicon technology for photonic integrated devices,” Proc. of International Conference of. Transparent Optical Networks, vol. 2, pp. 274–279, 2004.
P. Chaisakul, D. M. Morini, J. Frigerio, D. Chrastina, M.S. Rouifed, S. Cecchi, G. Isella and L. Vivien, “High quality SiGe waveguide platform for Ge photonics on bulk silicon substrates,” International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), pp. 108–109, 2014.
S. Ren, Y. Rong, S. A. Claussen, R.K. Schaevitz, T. I. Kamins, J. S. Harris and D.A.B. Miller, “Ge / SiGe Quantum Well Waveguide Modulator Monolithically Integrated With SOI Waveguides,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2011–2013, 2012.
M. M. Milosevic, P. S. Matavulj, B. D. Timotijevic, G. T. Reed, and G. Z. Mashanovich, “Design Rules for Single-Mode and Polarization-Independent Silicon-on-Insulator Rib Waveguides Using Stress Engineering,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 1840–1846, 2008.
Y. Liu, J. M. Shainline, X. Zeng, and M. A. Popović, “Ultra-low-loss CMOS-compatible waveguide crossing arrays based on multimode Bloch waves and imaginary coupling,” Opt. Letters., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 335–338, 2014.
Y. U. Jinzhong, C. shaowu, X. jinsong, W. Zhangtao, F. Zhongchao, L. Yanping, L. Jingwei, Y. Di and C. Yuanyuan, “Research progresses of SOI optical waveguide devices and integrated optical switch matrix,” Science in China Ser. F Information Sciences, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 234–246, 2005.
M. Muzafar, M. Noorazlan, and S. Zainuddin, “Numerical Method Approaches in Optical Waveguide Modeling,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 54, pp. 2133–2137, 2011.
X. Xu, S. Chen, Z. Li, Y. Yu, and J. Yu, “SOI submicron rib waveguides : Design , Fabrication and Characterization,” Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, pp. 137–139, 2008.
M. M. Ismail, M. A. M. Said, M. A. Othman, M. H. Misran, H. A. Sulaiman, and F. A. Azmin, “Buried vs . Ridge Optical Waveguide Modeling for Light Trapping into Optical Fiber,” in International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 273–278, 2012.
R. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Petermann, “Large Single-Mode Rib Wave-Guides in Gesi-Si and Si-on-Sio2,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1971–1974, 1991.
S. S. Md Sallah, S. H. Md Ali, P. S. Menon, N. Juhari, and S. A. Ahmad, “Investigation on Optical Interconnect ( OI ) Link Performance using External Modulator,” in IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM), pp. 1–4, 2015.
S. Rakheja and V. Kumar, “Comparison of electrical, optical and plasmonic on-chip interconnects based on delay and energy considerations,” Internation Symposium on Quality Electronic Design, pp. 732–739, 2012.
S. Yegnanarayanan, D. Trinh, F. Coppinger, and B. Jalali, “Compact Silicon-Based Integrated Optic Time Delays,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 634–635, 1997.
K. H. Koo, P. Kapur, and K. C. Saraswat, “Compact performance models and comparisons for gigascale on-chip global interconnect technologies,” IEEE Transaction Electron Devices, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 1787–1798, 2009.
M. M. Milošević, D. J. Thomson, X. Chen, D. Cox, and G. Z. Mashanovich, “Silicon waveguides for the 3-4 µm wavelength range,” in IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, pp. 208–210, 2011
S. Chen, Q. Yan, Q. Xu, Z. Fan, and J. Liu, “Optical waveguide propagation loss measurement using multiple reflections method,” Optics Communications., vol. 256, no. 1–3, pp. 68–72, 2005.
P. Dumon, W. Bogaerts, V. Wiaux, J. Wouters, S. Beckx, J. V. Campenhour, D. Taillaert, B. Luyssaert, P. Bienstan, D. V. Thourhout and R. Baets, “Low-loss SOI photonic wires and ring resonators fabricated with deep UV lithography,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1328–1330, 2004.
Y. A. Vlasov and S. J. McNab, “Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends.,” Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1622–1631, 2004.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT
The manuscript is herewith submitted for publication in the Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC). It has not been published before, and it is not under consideration for publication in any other journals. It contains no material that is scandalous, obscene, libelous or otherwise contrary to law. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, I, as the author, hereby agree to transfer to JTEC, all rights including those pertaining to electronic forms and transmissions, under existing copyright laws, except for the following, which the author(s) specifically retain(s):
- All proprietary right other than copyright, such as patent rights
- The right to make further copies of all or part of the published article for my use in classroom teaching
- The right to reuse all or part of this manuscript in a compilation of my own works or in a textbook of which I am the author; and
- The right to make copies of the published work for internal distribution within the institution that employs me
I agree that copies made under these circumstances will continue to carry the copyright notice that appears in the original published work. I agree to inform my co-authors, if any, of the above terms. I certify that I have obtained written permission for the use of text, tables, and/or illustrations from any copyrighted source(s), and I agree to supply such written permission(s) to JTEC upon request.