Performance Optimization of OFDM-Based Data Transmission in 6G Networks Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

Abstract

This research aims to optimize the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems for data transmission in 6G networks using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS). The purpose of this study is to enhance link reliability and spectral efficiency by leveraging the controllable reflection of wireless signals through IRS technology. However, traditional OFDM systems without IRS suffer from performance degradation under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions. Therefore, simulations were conducted by varying the number of IRS elements (M = 0, 50, and 100) to evaluate their impact on Bit Error Rate (BER) and spectral efficiency performance. Based on findings, the inclusion of IRS significantly reduced BER and improved spectral efficiency across all SNR levels. At 15 dB SNR, the BER decreased by nearly two orders of magnitude, while spectral efficiency increased from approximately 6 bps/Hz to 12 bps/Hz when M rose from 50 to 100. These results indicate that a higher number of IRS elements leads to more effective signal reflection and interference mitigation. In conclusion, IRS-assisted OFDM systems provide a promising solution for achieving high data throughput and energy-efficient communication in future 6G networks.