Design and Implementation of an Automated IoT System for Real-Time Water Quality Management in Aquaculture

Abstract

Aquaculture plays a critical role in global food production, but traditional water quality monitoring methods are often inefficient, expensive, and incapable of real-time analysis. This paper presents the development and implementation of an IoT-based Aquaculture Water Quality Monitoring and Control System designed specifically for red tilapia farming. The system integrates multiple sensors to measure key water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, and water level. A key technical contribution of this work is the dual-configuration design featuring both open-loop and closed-loop architectures, in which the closed-loop system introduces an automated water-replacement mechanism capable of stabilizing water quality parameters without human intervention. Data are transmitted in real time through the ThingSpeak platform, allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis. Two system configurations were tested: an open-loop system for monitoring and a closed-loop system with automated water quality adjustments. Results showed that the closed-loop system significantly improved water stability, with an 80% survival rate of red tilapia compared to a 20% survival rate in the open-loop system. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of IoT-based automation in aquaculture, ensuring better water management, improved fish health, and increased sustainability.