Performance of Super Capacitor as Solar Energy Storage and Electric Tricycle's Power Source
Keywords:
Electric Tricycle, Solar Energy Charging, Super Capacitor, Ultracapacitor,Abstract
Recent developments and projects in the Philippines gave way for the introduction of electric tricycles (etrikes) with lithium-ion batteries as its power source and which use the power grid for charging stations. This paper studied the workability of super capacitor as lone substitute to Li-ion batteries for electric tricycles and charging it by means of power from an alternative source that is solar panel. Specifically, this study is aimed to determine the power needed by super capacitor to fully charge, the time of its full charging, and the distance run by electric tricycle. The electric tricycle is assembled using electric bicycle mounted with a passenger side car. The solar panel is mounted on a support which houses charge controller and other accessories. The super capacitor used has a rating of 48 V, 165 F, modular type while the solar panel is rated 100 W. Various tests were conducted such as distance test and charging time test. From test results, the super capacitor employed in this work requires 68 W of solar panel power to become fully charged in more than 6 minutes. The electric tricycle with a fully-charged super capacitor can run up to 600 meters with driver and passenger load of not more than 118 kgs. A remarkable short average charging time, accounted by its high power density, validates that super capacitors are good storage medium for harvesting power from sporadic energy sources. On the other hand, the result for short distance travelled conveys that super capacitors are said to be suitable only for vehicle transportation requiring short distances such as point-to-point transport services.References
K. Kroics and V. Brazis, “Super capacitor based storage system for efficiency improvement of lead-acid powered light electric vehicle”, in 2016 IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC), pp. 1216-1221.
P. Ranada, “One million electric vehicles in PH by 2020”, 2014, February 27, [online] Available: http://www.rappler.com/nation/51741-one-million-electric-vehiclesph.
G. P. Felongco, “Philippines pumps money into electric tricycle plan” 2014, March 13, [online] Available: http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/philippines-pumps-moneyinto-electric-tricycle-plan-1.1303652.
L. C. Corpuz, “Delayed PH electric vehicles road map eyes Q3 2015 launch”, 2015, April 24, [online] Available: http://www.rappler.com/business/features/90962-apec-ph-electricvehicles-road-map-launch.
S. Sikkabut, P. Mungporn, C. Ekkaravarodome, et al., “Control of highenergy high-power densities storage devices by li-ion battery and super capacitor for fuel cell/photovoltaic hybrid power plant for autonomous system application”, in IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 5, p. 4395-4407, September/October 2016.
H. Miniguano, A. Barrado, C. Raga, et al., “A comparative study and parameterization of super capacitor electrical models applied to hybrid electric vehicles’ in 2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARSITEC), pp. 1-6.
E. Hossain, R. Perez, R. Bayindir. “Implementation of hybrid energy storage systems to compensate microgrid instability in the presence of constant power loads”, in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 1068- 1073, November 2016.
K. Praveen, M. Pudipeddi, M. Sivaramakrishna, “Design, development and analysis of energy harvesting system for wireless pulsating sensors”, in 2016 IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), pp. 1-5, December 2016.
Asian Development Bank, “E-trikes – driving change”, 2014, [online] Available: http://adb.org/projects/43207-012/background.
P. Taruc. “Tricycles: as iconic as jeepneys and just as problematic”, 2015, March 25, [online] Available: http://cnnphilippines.com/news/ 2015/03/16/tricycles-as-iconic-as-jeepneys.html.
Inquirer.net., “Japanese firm registers first electric tricycle in LTO”, 2013, September 24, [online] Available: http://business.inquirer.net/ 144301/japanese-firm-registers-first-electric-tricycle-in-lto.
L. C. Corpuz, “Delayed PH electric vehicles road map eyes Q3 2015 launch”, 2015, April 24, [online] Available: http://www.rappler.com/ business/features/90962-apec-ph-electric-vehicles-road-map-launch.
R. Juan, “9 economic benefits of using e-vehicles in PH”, 2014, November 29, [online] Available: http://www.rappler.com/nation/ 76305-economic-benefits-electric-vehicles-philippines.
L. Bokopane, K. Kusakana, and H. J. Vermaak, “Optimal energy management of an isolated electric Tuk-tuk charging station powered by hybrid renewable systems”, in 2015 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE), pp. 193-201, April 2015.
H. Wei, W. Xin, G. Jiahuan, et al., “Discussion on application of super capacitor energy storage system in microgrid”, in 2009 International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, pp. 1-4.
A. K. Saonerkar, A. Thakre, A. Podey, et al., “Single phase residential multilevel inverter using super capacitor”, in 2016 International Conference on Inventive Computation Tpp. 1-4.echnologies (ICICT), vol. 3., pp. 1-4.
D. N. Huu, “An adaptive control of hybrid battery-super capacitor storage for integration of wind and solar”, in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), pp. 157- 162.
P. O. Logerais, O. Riou, M. A. Camara, and J. F. Durastanti, “Study of photovoltaic energy storage by super capacitors through both experimental and modelling approaches,” in Journal of Solar Energy, vol. 2013, Article ID 659014, 9 pages, 2013.
H. Xiaoliang, H. Tosiyoki, and H. Yoichi, “System design and converter control for super capacitor and battery hybrid energy system of compact electric vehicles”, in 2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1-10.
H. Xiaoliang, H. Yoichi, and H. Tosiyoki, “Bidirectional power flow control for battery super capacitor hybrid energy system for electric vehicles with in-wheel motors”, in 2014 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, pp. 1078- 1083.
W. A. Bisschoff, O. Dobshanskyi, and R. Gouws, “Integration of battery and super-capacitor banks into a single-power system for a hybrid electric vehicle”, in 2016 II International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics and Engineer (YSF), pp. 10-13.
X. D. Xue, K. W. E. Cheng, S. Raghu Raman, et al., “Performance prediction of light electric vehicles powered by body-integrated supercapacitors”, in 2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC), pp. 1-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
TRANSFER OF COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT
The manuscript is herewith submitted for publication in the Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC). It has not been published before, and it is not under consideration for publication in any other journals. It contains no material that is scandalous, obscene, libelous or otherwise contrary to law. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, I, as the author, hereby agree to transfer to JTEC, all rights including those pertaining to electronic forms and transmissions, under existing copyright laws, except for the following, which the author(s) specifically retain(s):
- All proprietary right other than copyright, such as patent rights
- The right to make further copies of all or part of the published article for my use in classroom teaching
- The right to reuse all or part of this manuscript in a compilation of my own works or in a textbook of which I am the author; and
- The right to make copies of the published work for internal distribution within the institution that employs me
I agree that copies made under these circumstances will continue to carry the copyright notice that appears in the original published work. I agree to inform my co-authors, if any, of the above terms. I certify that I have obtained written permission for the use of text, tables, and/or illustrations from any copyrighted source(s), and I agree to supply such written permission(s) to JTEC upon request.
